The differences between manufacturing and service organisations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2463 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? This essay will briefly describe the development of services thinking within the Operations Management paradigm. The discussion will subsequently identify differences between manufacturing and service organisations. The first part of the discussion will draw to a close with a brief mention of hybrid manufacturing/service organisations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The differences between manufacturing and service organisations" essay for you Create order The second part of the essay will outline the unique challenges involved in marketing and managing services, borrowing from the academic literature belonging to the field of service marketing. The key characteristics that derive the unique challenges in marketing and managing services will be described and suggestions that ameliorate these challenges will be brought into the discussion. The conversation will be brought to a close with a short review of the field of service marketing, reflecting upon the role of the key service characteristics. Johnston (2005) describes the evolution of services thinking through three stages encompassing a period including the 1980s and 1990s. Conventional wisdom began to embrace a distinct role for services within an Operations management paradigm in the 1980s (Johnston, 2005: 1278). Early academic efforts were restricted to the description of services juxtaposed with manufacturing in an attempt to confirm the importance of services and promote theory building (Johnston, 2005: 1280-1281). Having established the role of services within the field of Operations Management, academics focused upon theory development and empirical testing (Johnston, 2005: 1281-1285). Debate surrounding the emerging role of services within the field of Operations management will have inevitably produced contradictions. Perceptions of the differences between manufacturing and service organisations varied from no discernible differences (Lawrence, 1989) to rigid dichotomies based upon types of organisational behaviour and characteristic outputs (McDonald, 1994: 6; Troy and Schein, 1995). McDonald (1994) describes the theoretical differences between manufacturing and service organisations from internal organisational and output perspectives. The distinction between the two types of organisation based upon differences in internal organisational arrangements focuses upon the transformation process, employee skills/knowledge and the status of results (see Table (1) below). Table (1): Internal Contrasts between Manufacturing and Service Manufacturing Service Production is capital- or equipment-oriented Technical skills dominate Training will dominate Production results are variable Production is people-oriented Interpersonal skills dominate Education will dominate Service results are subject to more variation (McDonald, 1994: 6) McDonalds (1994: 6) theoretical comparison of the output of the two types of organisation further develops the notion of two separate operational systems (see Table (2) below). Table (2): Differences between products and services Product Service The customer receives a tangible product in the form of goods which can be seen and touched The customer receives an intangible service, which may or may not satisfy The goods remain with the customer Services are consumed at the moment of delivery The production and delivery of goods are usually separated Production, delivery and consumption of services are often at the same time Few producers deal with customers Most producers deal with customers The customer is rarely involved with production The customer is often closely involved with production Goods can be serviced Services have already been consumed and cannot be serviced Goods are subject to liability, but the producer has more opportunity to ameliorate the effect on the customer and this the financial penalty Services which do not meet the requirements are difficult to replace the financial impact is usually total Goods can be purchased to store in inventory to satisfy the customers needs Services cannot be stored, but must be available on customer demand Goods can be transported to the point of sale Some services are transportable (e.g. information through communication lines) but most require the transportation of the service provider The quality of goods is relatively easy for customers to evaluate The quality of services is more dependent on subjective perception and expectation Goods are often technically complex the customer therefore feels more reliant on the producer The quality of services is more dependent on subjective perception and expectation Services appear less complex the consumer therefore feels qualified to hassle the producer (McDonald, 1994: 6) The use of classification to differentiate between manufacturing and service organisations is an important academic activity, which provides a basis for theory development and empirical testing. Despite the utility of typologies, they can easily be misinterpreted by practitioners and more importantly, misrepresented by academics. A typology is not intended to represent an empirical reality, but rather an ideal reality that serves as a basis for the investigation and description of empirical reality. The danger occurs in any field of study when a theoretical ideal is misrepresented as a generalised empirical fact, which is essentially the problem of reification. Contemporary studies of manufacturing and service organisations broach the discussion of organisations that combine product and service offerings (Gebauer et al, 2008 and Martinez et al., 2010). Gebauer et al. (2008: 219-220) provide insight into how manufacturers experiencing difficult competiti ve conditions could exploit services to sell more products, achieve differentiation of their product portfolio and increase the likelihood of higher and more stable financial returns. Martinez et al. (2010: 450) claim that there is an increasing tendency for manufacturing companies to integrate product and service offerings rather than focus exclusively on products. Their argument is based upon the assertion that manufacturing systems are relatively easy for competitors to imitate and that there is increasing evidence that manufacturers are integrating their products with services to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Although the emergence of service thinking within the Operations management paradigm was based upon a dichotomous view of manufacturing and service organisations, a trichotomy that includes mixed manufacturing/service organisations more accurately reflects the spectrum of modern organisational configurations. The preceding paragraphs discussed the theo retical emergence of the service organisation. Management Discourse is dominated by theoretical polarities, which focus upon perceived differences between manufacturing and service organisations. These differences stem from the characteristics of their respective outputs. The unique challenges faced by service organisations in the marketing and management of their offering has been discussed by numerous academic studies. The extant theoretical hegemony in the academic literature propounds the view that the challenges posed by service offerings originate in their four principal characteristics (Ojanen et al, 2009; Tuzovic, 2009; Moeller, 2010; Jaaskelainen et al, 2012): Intangibility services do not exist in material form and deny the customer any physical interaction. This is a challenge for marketing, because without an object that can appeal to our senses, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦customer risk perceptions are increased and quality is more difficult to assess than for manufactured goods (Winsted and Patterson, 1998: 295). According to Awara and Anyadighibe (2014: 35), Intangibility, is the critical goods-services distinction from which all other differences emergeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ; Heterogeneity a large number of service offerings have a high degree of human input, which creates managerial challenges in the achievement of a uniform, repeatable customer experience (Awara and Anyadighibe, 2014: 35 and Winsted and Patterson, 1998: 295); Inseparability the nature of service transactions often demands the presence and interaction of the customer. Following Awara and Anyadighibe (2014: 35), it is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦simultaneous production and consumption which characterises most services. The proximity of the customer makes the production of services highly interactive, demanding high levels of service customisation and tailored marketing (Winsted and Patterson, 1998: 295); Perishability services cannot be stored, which can lead to difficulties in balancing supply with demand (Awara and Anyadighibe, 2014: 35). The four basic service characteristics outlined above are commonly referred to as IHIP characteristics in the service marketing literature and the roots of their existence go back as far as the 1970s (Parasuraman et al, 1985; Groonroos and Ravald, 2011). In response to the unique challenges represented by the IHIP characteristics, Booms and Bitner (1981) in Awara and Anyadighibe (2014: 36) recommended that the 4Ps marketing mix (Product, Place, Pricing and Promotion) be extended to include: People à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦all people directly or indirectly involved in the consumption of a serviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Awara and Anyadighibe, 2014: 36); Physical evidence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the environment in which the service is assembled and in which the seller and customer interact, combined with tangible commodities that facilitate performance or communication of the service.(Awara and Anyadighibe, 2014: 36); and Process à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦pr ocedures, mechanisms and flow of activities by which the service is deliveredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Awara and Anyadighibe, 2014: 36). In addition to the service marketing mix, Awara and Anyadighibe (2014: 37) describe criteria that could be used as bases for a differentiated service offering: Offer; Delivery; Image; Service Quality. IHIP characteristics are generally treated axiomatically within the management discourse and a lack of critical reflection upon their contribution to knowledge is probably indicative of the hegemony of epistemological dogma (Hultman and Ek, 2011). Nevertheless, there are signs of interest in critically re-evaluating service marketing and management as a field of study. Moeller (2010) identifies the lack of critical treatment applied to the IHIP characteristics. However, instead of dispensing with IHIP and investigating the possibility of new characteristics, the study focuses upon the re-evaluation of IHIP through the lens of the FTU (Facilities/Transf ormation/Usage) framework (Moeller, 2010: 360-361). The FTU framework is employed to dismantle IHIP and apply it to different aspects of a service offering (Moeller, 2010: 365). The study claims to reveal the applicability of components of IHIP in their service context rather than the use of IHIP as representative of service marketing per se (Moeller, 2010: 365). However, the ability of Moeller (2010) to take a reification (IHIP), break it down into components and claim that it is more relevant in its component parts or groups of those component parts is inconsistent. The characteristics coupled with theoretical aspects of service do not escape the problem of IHIP applied as a single entity. Hultman and Ek (2011) critically evaluate the philosophical underpinnings of the field of service marketing. An important part of their discussion is the inclusion of social philosophy in an evolving discourse to describe service marketing as an essentially social process. The IHIP characteri stics are subjected to criticism and reduced to an irrelevance (Hultman and Elk, 2011: 173). The authors agree with the critics of IHIP, asserting that they à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦find these descriptors impossible to use for defining services and explaining the difference between services and goods.(Hultman and Elk, 2011: 173). They also resist the current tendency in the field of service marketing to replace one paradigmatic cage with another, their project being occupied with the broadening of the study of service marketing rather than its continued limitation. The ability of Hultman and Elk (2011) to realise the ambition of opening up the field of service marketing would depend upon the willingness and ability of incumbent researchers to embrace the project. An increase in interest shown in the field by critical management theorists would also have the affect sought by the authors. The two studies used to demonstrate critical contributions to the field of service marketing originat e from different epistemological beliefs, but they both achieve similar results. Although Moeller (2010) did not intend to undermine IHIP characteristics, it achieved this end almost as successfully as Hultman and Elks (2011) dismantling of IHIP characteristics. As the traditional view contained in the field of service marketing would suggest that the unique challenges in marketing and managing services derive from IHIP characteristics, has the invalidation of IHIP characteristics left the essay question unanswered? Conventional wisdom from service marketing would probably respond no, the question has been answered from the stock of knowledge. Whereas opponents of the conventional wisdom would probably argue that the field has never possessed the ability to effectively answer the question. This essay has outlined the differences between manufacturing and service organisations against the backdrop of service theory development in the field of Operations management. A representatio n of manufacturing and service organisations as polar opposites, typical of the conventional wisdom in Operations Management, was provided. The portrayal of manufacturing and service organisations was extended through the discussion of mixed manufacturing/service organisations, encouraging the creation of a trichotomy to more effectively depict theoretical types. The unique challenges in marketing and managing services were discussed with the support of evidence from the field of service marketing. The IHIP characteristics of services were introduced and suggestions for handling marketing and managing challenges derived from the IHIP characteristics were included. Critical contributions to the field of service marketing were summarised for the purpose of developing the discussion of IHIP characteristics and their relevance. References Awara, N. F. and Anyadighibe, J. A. (2014). An Appraisal of strategies and challenges of services marketing in a globalized business environment. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research. Vol. 2 (9): pp. 32-40. ebauer, H., Krempl, R. and Fleisch, E. (2008). Service development in traditional product manufacturing companies. European Journal of Innovation Management. Vol. 11 (2): pp. 219-240. [online] Accessed at: https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/emerald-publishing/service-development-in-traditional-product-manufacturing-companies-20b8PY3CQY/1 Groonroos, C. and Ravald, A. (2011). Service as business logic: implications for value creation and marketing. Journal of Service Management. Vol. 22 (1): 5-22. [online] Accessed at: https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/emerald-publishing/service-as-business-logic-implications-for-value-creation-and-G07NwBivq Hultman, J. and Ek, R. (2011). Can there be only one? Towards a post-paradigmatic service marketing approach. International J ournal of Quality and Service Sciences. Vol.3 (2): pp. 166-180. [online] Accessed at: https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/emerald-publishing/can-there-only-be-one-towards-a-post-paradigmatic-service-marketing-Y7dJ6L8Ttz?articleList=%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3DIHIP%2Bcharacteristics Jaaskelainen, Laihonen, H., Lonnqvist, A, Palvalin, M. and Sillanpaa, V., Pekkola, S. and Ukko, J. (2012). A contingency approach to performance measurement in service operations. Measuring Business Excellence. Vol. 16 (1): pp.43-52. [online] Accessed at: https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/emerald-publishing/a-contingency-approach-to-performance-measurement-in-service-jw2hN5WFOn?articleList=%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3DIHIP%2Bcharacteristics Johnston, R. (2005). Service operations management: return to roots. International Journal of Operations Production Management. Vol. 25 (12): pp. 1278-1297. [online] Accessed at: https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/emerald-publishing/service-operations-management-return-to-roots-vsgfLtpMjt/1 Lawre nce, P. (1989). Manufacturing or Services After 1992? Economic Affairs. Vol. 9 (4): pp. 14-17. [online] Accessed at: https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/wiley/manufacturing-or-services-after-1992-T53SsLh5ql Martinez, V., Bastl, M., Kingston, J. and Evans, S. (2010). Challenges in transforming manufacturing organisations into product-service providers. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. Vol. 21 (4): pp. 449-469. [online] Accessed at: https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/emerald-publishing/challenges-in-transforming-manufacturing-organisations-into-product-El30Qhp1p1/1 McDonald, J. (1994). Service is Different. The TQM Magazine, Vol. 6 (1): pp. 5-7. [online] Accessed at: https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/emerald-publishing/service-is-different-HcpInUSN2w Moeller, S. (2010). Characteristics of services a new approach uncovers their value. Journal of Services Marketing. Vol. 24 (5): pp. 359-368. [online] Accessed at: https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/emerald-publishing/characteristics-of-serv ices-a-new-approach-uncovers-their-value-hmFU6ISzFq Ojanen, V.; Xin, Y. and Chai, K-H. (2009). Innovation management in technology-related knowledge-intensive business services. International Journal of entrepreneurship and innovation management. Vol. 10 (2): pp. 162-177. [online] Accessed at: https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/inderscience-publishers/innovation-management-in-technology-related-knowledge-intensive-yjEI8G1Oi0/1 Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L. (1985). Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications. The Journal of Marketing. Vol. 49 (4): pp. 41-50. Troy, K and Schein, L. (1995). The quality culture: manufacturing versus services. Managing Service Quality, Vol. 5 (3): pp. 45-47. [online] Accessed at: https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/emerald-publishing/the-quality-culture-manufacturing-versus-services-K2oGrXOL9g Tuzovic, S. (2009). Key determinants of real estate service quality among renters and buyers. Journal of Services Marketing. Vol. 23 (7) : 496-507. [online] Accessed at: https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/emerald-publishing/key-determinants-of-real-estate-service-quality-among-renters-and-P76bEMS6lP/1 Winsted, K. F., Patterson, P. G. (1998). Internationalization of services: the service exporting decision. Journal of Services Marketing. Vol. 12 (4): pp. 294-311. [online] Accessed at: https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/emerald-publishing/internationalization-of-services-the-service-exporting-decision-rPW10d3YeK

Conformity And Censorship Of Fahrenheit 451 - 828 Words

Spahr Reagan Mrs. Hacker English 9 October, 26, 2017 Conformity and Censorship in Fahrenheit 451 In a society where the government practices censorship and the people embrace conformity, Guy Montag risks everything in the pursuit of knowledge and individuality. In Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451, the government imposes censorship through the outlawing of books. They enforce this law through the use of firemen, such as Montag, who are employed to destroy books and the houses in which they are found by incineration. After meeting Clarisse, a strange young woman who lives next door, whose insatiable curiosity inspires him, and witnessing the suicide of a passionate bibliophile Guy Montag decides to risk everything he has in the pursuit of†¦show more content†¦Not everyone born free and equal, as the Constitution says, but everyone made equal. Each man the image of every other; then all are happy, for there are no mountains to make them cower, to judge themselves against. So! A book is a loaded gun in the house next door. Burn it. Take the shot from the weapon† (Bradbury). In this quote, Beatty persists in his argument for ignorance but ultimately is unable to persuade Montag. This discussion with Beatty ultimately leads to Montag to seek out Faber, a retired English professor. Faber convinces Montag that true knowledge can only be achieved through the reading and understanding of books and aids Montag in his attempt to illegally glean books. During this part of the book Bradbury uses war in the quote â€Å"You could feel the war getting ready in the sky that night† (Bradbury) to symbolize Montag’s inner struggle. This is important to the theme because Bradbury conveys that even though Montag knows the censorship of books is wrong he still feels a desire to conform to the rest of society. In an attempt to flee the government Montag finds refuge with a group of outsiders who share his belief in knowledge. Together they watch as the war begins and society crumbles. â€Å"Montag watched the great dust settle and the great silence move down upon their world. And lying there it seemed he saw every single grain of dust and every blade of grass and that he heard every cry and shout and whisper going up inShow MoreRelatedEssay about Fahrenheit 451 as a Criticism of Censorship943 Words   |  4 PagesFahrenheit 451 as a Criticism of Censorship      Ã‚  Ã‚   Ray Bradbury criticizes the censorship of the early 1950s by displaying these same themes in a futuristic dystopia novel called Fahrenheit 451. In the early 1950s Ray Bradbury writes this novel as an extended version of The Fireman, a short story which first appears in Galaxy magazine. 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Educating Special Needs Students Free Essays

When it comes to special education, this belief really needs to be a true one because special education teachers will have to deal not only with behavioral students or students with high functioning disabilities but they will also be dealing with autistic students and students with severe intellectual disabilities (Grand Canyon University Course Material 2010). With the basic teaching principle â€Å"all students can learn†, teachers will enable themselves to find ways to help the students in learning social and life skills, get prepared to be independent, get a job and to enjoy quality of life regardless of their disabilities (Grand Canyon University Course Material 2010). Individuals with disabilities can show their frustration with anger, they can feel hopelessness, helplessness and have a sensation of disgust, fear and pity. We will write a custom essay sample on Educating Special Needs Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many times advocates, educators and even professionals fail by countermanding individuals with disabilities by not properly identifying the intellectual disability. The American Association on Intellectual Developmental Disability (AID, 2008) explains that Intellectual disability is defined as sub-average intellectual functioning but it also should include â€Å"resultant deficits in adaptive behaviors and its occurrence during the developmental period† (Grand Canyon Leistering Course Material 2010). All three conditions must be present in order to determine that intellectual disability is present in the individual. Sub-average intellectual functioning offers to intelligence which is consider as a hypothetical construct difficult to define and is tested with a method called Intelligence Quotient or IQ which consists of several questions and problem solving that gives scores up to 100. Adaptive behavior refers as to the ability of the individual adaptation to the environment and the changes that may come with it. And the third characteristic is the occurrence of a traumatic event which happens to an individual during the developmental period which is before turning 18. IQ tests are considered a reliable source of information but according to IDEA 004, â€Å"IQ scores can’t be considered the determinant of intellectual disability. Individual personal characteristics and circumstances, cultural bias and low correlation between IQ tests remain issues; moreover a person’s IQ changes over time and data over the test provides little and inaccurate information for instruction. Consequently, other definitions focus on individualized needs for supports†. According to AID (2008) causes of intellectual disabilities which happens during the developmental period, may include maternal infections like rubella, syphilis and taxonomists also because of intoxication’s like rugs, alcohol, environmental hazards and incompetent blood type transfusions. Chromosomal abnormalities like Downs syndrome. Among others (Grand Canyon University Course Material 2010). Protecting Workers with Developmental Disabilities PAD (n. . ) say that people with mild disabilities can learn academics and vocational skills, those with moderate to severe disabilities can learn basic safe hygiene and self care skills along with social and communication skills and those with profound developmental skills can learn self care skills as well but they may need constant supervision and care†. The majority of the persons with disabilities are capable of learning, develop and grow, an d they can become great productive an full participative citizens of the community. With appropriate education and accommodated lesson plans all students should be able to learn. One way to teach students with intellectual disabilities is by providing them with real life representing materials which are appropriate and safe for their age as well as interesting. Provide students with information with clear and easy to follow instructions which is revised in a constant basis. Celebrate accomplishments with positive dieback. Whenever possible and according to the seriousness of the disability, try to teach the student is his regular school. Teach students tasks and skills that they will use in real life in a constant basis so they can relate what they learned to the everyday life(Grand Canyon University Course Material 2010). Another intellectual disability is Autism. This disability was first name and recognized in a district in 1943. It is associated with a series of conditions that include According to Autism Society of America (2000) â€Å"Disturbances of developmental rates, and/or sequences, responses to encore stimuli, speech and language as well as cognitive capacities and capacities to relate people, events and objects. This signs appear before the age of three† (Grand Canyon University Course Material 2010). At one time, autism was included in the definition of emotional disturbance. IDEA (2004) defines autism as an inclusion of serious impairments which include, verbal and non-verbal communication and social interaction. According to American Psychiatric Association (2000) â€Å"autism spectrum disorders include a spectrum of that goes from Autistic disorder, Aspirer syndrome, Retest syndrome, a event disorder, distortions, childhood disintegrative disorder, and Pervasive developmental disorder. The characteristics include, apparent sensory deficit or hyper reaction to stimuli, Severe isolation or inability to respond to love and cuddly, self stimulation, tantrums and self abusive behaviors which raise the issue of aversive stimuli, calceolaria and psychotic speech and behavior deficiencies â€Å". The possible causes of autism vary and go from one unfounded theory to an-other but according to well known authorities, causes are not known and but evidence suggests that genetics ND biological factors are key. Very’ little is still known about autism and because of this fact, educators need to be careful in how they treat autistic students. A therapy which is supposed to be appropriate for the treatment of autism is dolphin-assisted therapy. It is recommended to provide autistic students with colored lenses to cure dyslexia and also facilitated communication. Lesson planning is key for educators to have success as teachers and help students succeed as well. Intellectual disabled students need extra help and clear one-on-one instruction but they definitely can learn. How to cite Educating Special Needs Students, Papers

Anne Sexton Biography Essay Example For Students

Anne Sexton Biography Essay The third decade of the twentieth century brought on more explicit writers than ever before, but none were as expressive as Anne Sexton. Her style of writing, her works, the image that she created, and the crazy life that she led are all prime examples of this. Known as one of the most confessional poets of her time, Anne Sexton was also one of the most criticized. She was known to use images of incest, adultery, and madness to reveal the depths of her deeply troubled life, which often brought on much controversy. Despite this, Anne went on to win many awards and go down as one of the best poets of all time. Anne Sexton was born Anne Gray Harvey on November 9, 1928 in Newton, Massachusetts to Ralph Churchill and Mary Gray Staples Harvey Discovering Biographies 1. From then on, Sexton spent most of her life in the affluent, upper-middle class suburbs of Boston Discovering Biographies 2. According to many of the experiences described in her poems, she led a very unhappy childhood thats horrifying memories affected her throughout her life. To overcome her troubles, she married at age nineteen and attempted to settle into the role of housewife and mother Discovering Biographies 2. Shortly after her marriage, Anne enrolled in a modeling course at the Hart Agency and lived in San Francisco and Baltimore Academy of American Poets 1. During this time Anne was also educated at Earland Junior College from 1947- 1948 Twentieth Century American Literature 2. Through out her early twenties, Sexton began to experience bouts of depression that eventually led to hospitalization Discovering Biographies 2. In 1955, after the birth of her second daughter, Sexton attempted suicide Discovering Biographies 2. She was then placed under the care of Dr. Martin Orne, who encouraged her to write poems as a form of therapy Discovering Biographies 1. Poetry gave me a rebirth at age twenty-nine American Literature 3591, Anne quoted many times during her career. Anne deeply admired and attempted to emulate the confessional poem Hearts Needle by Shodgrass Discovering Biographies 2. Sexton decided to enroll in Robert Lowells graduate writing seminar at the Boston Center for Adult Education Discovering Biographies 2. She then went on to be a scholar at the Radcliffe Institute for Independent Study from 1961- 1963 American Literature 3596. During the nineteen-sixties, Anne gave spirited public readings accompanied by the music group, Her Kind Discovering Biographies 1. Despite her literary success, Sexton continually battled depression and psychosis. She began writing extremely personal verse concerning her experiences as a mental patient Discovering Biographies 1. The chronic mental illness that controlled Annes life was the anguished center of her familys life Linda Sexton 1. Anne was extremely possessive of her daughter Linda and also confessed to having murderous impulses towards her Linda Sexton 1. I made myself numb, made my body like stone in exchange for my mothers love Annes eldest daughter exclaimed Linda Sexton 1. In 1974, Anne committed suicide using  carbon monoxide Discovering Biographies 2. Even though Anne led an extremely confusing life, she was said to have lived it as a treasury that would be remembered forever. Annes open style of writing was a very debatable issue. Some thought Sexton was one of the best known and most controversial of the confessional poets, a group composed of New England writers who rose to prominence in the nineteen-sixties Contemporary Literary Criticism 311. While others believed as her notoriety grew, Sexton became unable to separate her life and her art Litz 669. Sextons work offers the reader an intimate view of the emotional anguish that characterized her life Academy of American Poets 1. Annes early poetry was said to be hopeful and joyful while it became much darker in her latter years American Literature 3591. She was said to see poetry as a physical experience and she used imagery as the heart of poetry Anne Sexton 1. Her favorite topics were sex, illegitimacy, guilt, madness, and suicide Roth Publishing 1. Anne was often compared to Sylvia Plath but distinguishes herself from Plath in her interest in the flesh rather than in emblem of pain and mutilation Ame rican Literature 3596. Some people believed Annes style made her a bad artist while others saw it as an amazing gift. .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601 , .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601 .postImageUrl , .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601 , .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601:hover , .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601:visited , .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601:active { border:0!important; } .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601:active , .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601 .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u759a25283be7b6798aee7a939245f601:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To Kill A Mockingbird, Three Representations of Mockingbirds EssayThrough out her career, Anne wrote not only poetry but also short stories and books for children as well. Sextons first book, To Bedlam and Part Way Back, was published in nineteen-sixty, a year after her mother and father died. It was said to be very autobiographical in nature Anne Sexton 2. Annes Love Poems were published in nineteen-sixty nine Academy of American Poets 2. The book, Transformations was published two years later Academy of American Poets 2. Many other works were created in the years that followed including The Double Image which evokes rage, guilt, and love, and Live or Die which was said t o be one of her best works Anne Sexton 1. Sexton believed that complete honesty and self-revelation were an essential to creative work, so this was often the basis of her poetry. Upon the publication of Annes Selected Poems, she was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature The Complete Poems 8. She also won the Pulitzer Prize and was a finalist for the National Book Award as well Anne Sexton 1. Although many of Annes works were somewhat explicit, they were an extremely important contribution to the collection of art. In my opinion, Anne Sexton was a very talented writer. Although her work consisted of extremely personal issues, I feel it was just her own way of expressing her pain. It seems that poetry was the only way that Anne experienced some kind of freedom from her life. From what I have read, Anne had a terrible life, from her childhood to her adulthood, the struggles she went through seemed endless. Sextons early poetry, from what I have read, is very happy and hopeful. I enjoyed  reading some of her earlier pieces. The poems she had written the last couple years of her life were depressing and much different then her earlier works. I do not feel Anne is a very good influence on her readers, because by killing herself, she put off the image that when there seems to be no way out, just give up. People that are admired and placed high in society are greatly influential, and hopefully others that read her work that are going through hard times will not give up as she did, but see the whole picture, and be strong. Overall, Anne Sexton was not a bad person. She had a rough life and was very confused, and although not all of her work is very positive, Anne herself can be looked at as a lesson. Even when everything is going wrong, dont give up, because doing that is not going to make anything any better. This is what I have personally learned from Anne Sexton and I hope other readers may see this as well. Anne Sexton was known to be one of the most confessional poets of the nineteen-sixties, and also one of the most debated. She used explicit images of sex, suicide, and madness that revealed the struggles she had overcome throughout her life. Even though very controversial, her works were well appreciated and will be remembered in times to come. The expressive style Anne used and her own personal experience that she reflects on in her writing, attracts many readers and provides them with the encouragement they need to go on. No matter how graphic, qualities like this will attract many generations to come.