Advantages and disadvantges of the genetically modified crops Essay

Favorable circumstances and disadvantges of the hereditarily changed yields - Essay Example For example hereditary specialists can separate a quality that causes dry spell obstruction at that point embed it into another plant. The hereditarily changed plant currently has the characteristic of opposing dry spell that is an attribute of the primary plant. This training can be applied in any event, for qualities from non-plant life forms (Bijaya, 2013). An imperative point is that despite the fact that this training can be applied on plants and creatures, it is more ordinarily utilized on plants instead of creatures. One favorable position of GMOs is that they develop more quickly than customary life forms. Expectedly, customary yields must be developed during the season and just in the atmosphere that is helpful for the development of that plant; hereditarily adjusted harvests then again can be become unavailable and even in horrible atmosphere. In spite of the expense of hereditarily changed seeds being higher, the general expense of creation is hardly lower than that of conventional harvests (Bijaya, 2013). Another bit of leeway of hereditarily changed yields is that they are more nutritious than customary nourishments as indicated by Kantorâ (2013). This is on the grounds that there is no restriction to the sort of control that building can do. Swiss researchers are said to have made a strain of rice that contains high measure of nutrient A (Health Research Funding, 2013); this could go far intohelping destroy visual impairment in underdeveloped nations brought about by nutrient An inadequacy. Most likewise concur that hereditarily adjusted nourishments taste better and don't decay as fast as conventional nourishments (Health Research Funding, 2013). A few properties of conventional yields is that in their characteristic state, they contain allergens and can, consequently, not be devoured by individuals adversely affected by them. With hereditarily adjusting these plants, these properties can be evacuated (Bijaya, 2013). Hereditarily changed plants are progressively impervious to bothers; ranchers can, in this way, utilize less measures of pesticides; the vast majority lean toward crops developed with

Proposal Eye Clinic System

Table Content 1. Presentation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 2. Arranging Phase 1. Issue statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 2. Objective†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 3. Extensions 1. Client Scope†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 2. Framework Scope†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 3.Software Requirement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 4. Investigation Phase 1. Methodologies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 1. Planning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 2. Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 3. Design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 4. Implementation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 5. Outline 1. Stream chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †15 2. Substance Relationship Diagram (ERD)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 3. Information Flow Diagram (DFD)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 †19 6. End †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 20 7. Informative supplement 1. Interface design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 21 †42 INTRODUCTION LaserPro Eye Center Clinic System is where it is an eyes pro facility and is where the patient gets oversight from specialists about eyes diseases.Laser Pro Eye center framework is having precarious and absence of ability in dealing with the facility. For instance, this framework can't store the data of the patients and the finding of the specialists. This is because of they are as yet utilizing the manual routes in taking care of their patient records. Along these lines, they should search for the records and it will be problematic if the records have been saved for a year. Other than that, there will be a need in ascertaining the clinical charges. It will be not effective in the event that they are as yet utilizing the manual method to do the calculation.After that this framework likewise will print the receipt and the report. Accordingly, this framework is creati ng to make the administration of the center all the more methodicallly, simpler and smooth. This facility will do some foundation, as didn’t check the conference charge for all the patients, the destitute individuals likewise stand to pay the clinical expense. Since some patient not moderate to pay the costly clinical charges, they will pick don’t need go for treatment, possibly will cause the malady become serious.This framework is a framework were utilizing the primary start things out serve technique, so it won't gave arrangement to the patients to book the arrangement, since this isn't reasonable for those stroll in patients on the off chance that they come promptly toward the beginning of the day but since of the arrangement patients, they need to hold up until specialist completed the arrangement patients first just analyze them. In this framework, I will incorporate a few modules. These modules are login, scanning for the staff data, item data, and patient data, computation for drug expense, erase and update module, clear, print receipt PLANNING PHASE Problem StatementThere is a couple of issue that happen if there is no orderly framework for this facility. It will be requiring some investment to search for the records of the patient and clinical apportions. Other than that, it likewise require bigger capacity place, not condition neighborly since they are utilizing papers in keeping the records and the latent records which have been set aside probably been lost. Other than that, a portion of the records are absent because of the huge amout of patients record or data. Furthermore, manual strategy which required numerous procedures, for example, discovering old subtleties that have been saved for a year is very troublesome.OBJECTIVE The principle design is to robotize LaserPro Eye Center facility the board framework. The subordinate are as per the following: †¢ To robotize the staff data framework. †¢ To computerize the item data framework. †¢ To mechanize the patient data framework. †¢ To mechanize deals report and item list. †¢ To mechanize the count of the clinical expense. Degree User Scope: The objective clients of this framework are the specialists and medical attendants of LaserPro Eye Center Clinic System. With this system,admin can : 1. Login into the framework utilizing security secret word. . View, update, include, and search subtleties of staff data. 3. View, update, include, erase, and search subtleties of item data. 4. View, update, include, erase, and search the patient data. 5. View deals report, and stock report as indicated by generally speaking deals, by day. Print out the report. 6. Compute for the drug expenses and print the receipt. With this framework, staffs can: 1. Login into the framework utilizing security secret phrase. 2. View, update, include, and search subtleties of staff data, however can’t update specific subtleties. 3.View, update, include, erase, and search subtleties of item data. 4. View, update, include, erase, and search the patient data, however can’t include or update the treatment of the patient. 5. View deals report, and stock report as per in general deals, by day. Print out the report. 6. Figure for the medicine expenses and print the receipt. Framework scope: The framework use in LaserPro Eye Center and its significant capacity are: 1. Security secret word is required to permit administrator and staffs to login into the framework. 2. Store records of staff in database. 3. Store subtleties of item in database. . Store subtleties of patient in database. 5. Can compute the prescription expenses and print the receipts for the patient. 6. Looking through capacity which empowers the administrator and staff to search for persistent records. 7. Help capacity to manage client in utilizing this framework. Programming Requirement: 1. Microsoft Visual Basic. Net 2008: use to make or fabricate interface of †LaserPro E ye Center Clinic System†. 2. Microsoft Office Access 2007. 3. Microsoft Office Visio 2007. Investigation PHASE Methodologies The strategy that was utilized to make the LaserPro Eye Center is the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC).It contains 4 phases which are arranging, examination, structure and execution. Arranging †¢ The framework is worked for effectively search and find required data of the facility for the Admin and the staff of the center. †¢ The clients would need search and discover the staff data, understanding data, item data in a speedy and successful way. And furthermore ascertain the clinical expense for the patient. †¢ The framework is to be worked by utilizing the Visual Basic. Net programming language from the Visual Studio. Net programming. Investigation The clients of the framework are individuals who need to look, include, update, clear and erase the staff data, item data, persistent data. †¢ The LaserPro Eye Center will show the staf f data, item data, tolerant data, figuring for clinical charge, and the business chart that the clients looked. †¢ Besides, there is a print catch to let the client print out the receipt of the clinical expense, deals report, item data the clients has checked and looked. †¢ The framework must be utilized in LaserPro Eye Center Clinic. Plan In the director menu and the principle menu, the clients can choose the staff, item, and patient data that they need to look or update. †¢ When the clients decide to look through the data, the data will be show. †¢ The clients can figure the clinical charge utilizing the computation page. After determined the clinical charge, likewise can print out the marketing chart and the stock report. †¢ When the clients decide to refresh the data, the clients are permit to include, update, alter and erase the data. †¢ They can leave the framework whenever they want to do so.IMPLEMENTATION †¢ The framework should be conveyed by the fourteenth week and introduced on the fifteenth week. †¢ The framework is test before convey. Stream Chart Login [pic] Forget Password [pic] Manager MenuMain Menu [pic] Staff Information [pic] Product Information [pic] Patient data [pic] Sale Information [pic] Sale Calculation [pic] Entity Relationship Diagram (E

The Power of Language Essay Example

The Power of Language Essay Example The Power of Language Essay The Power of Language Essay The Power of Language Nowadays, an ever increasing number of Chinese vagrants, who utilize English as their subsequent language, live and work in America. We can call them â€Å"bilingual† since they can talk both English and their mom tongueChinese. Be that as it may, albeit numerous Chinese transients can chat with others with familiar English, numerous local speakers in some cases discover it is difficult to comprehend what these Chinese individuals have said. Some Chinese language specialists who are in the association CMAU contend that with the well established culture, Chinese have just framed their own style of communicating things. What's more, this style may not be changed on the grounds that it mirrors their contemplations which have just shaped by their one of a kind culture. Be that as it may, in Amy Tan’s individual exposition â€Å"Mother Tongue†, the storyteller utilized her own understanding to show how her mother’s straightforward language impact her and changed her disposition to this Chinese-styled English from negative to positive in an oblivious manner, lastly framed her personality of language in study and fiction composing. This sort of progress in language may appear to be hard for some individuals. Be that as it may, Amy Tan is unique. To see something about her experience, it tends to be discovered that in spite of the fact that she is an American and gotten American-styled training, her folks were completely conceived in China and gotten Chinese-styled instruction. That makes things diverse in light of the fact that she had twofold personalities throughout her life: as an understudy in school and as the little girl in her family. What's more, she talked standard English with her schoolmates and straightforward English to her mom. Tan’s mentality toward her mother’s language was regularly negative when she was youthful. Truth be told, it is simple for perusers to figure which sort of language Amy Tan favored when she was youthful on the grounds that she knew nothing about Benjie2 Chinese culture. The storyteller demonstrates her mentality to her mother’s language by saying â€Å"I was embarrassed about her English. I accepted that her English mirrored the nature of what she needed to say† (28). The storyteller at that point clarifies that her disgrace originated from watching â€Å"the reality that individuals in retail establishments, at banks, and at eateries didn't pay attention to her, didn't give her great assistance, professed not to get her, or even went about as though they heard her† (29). The explanation may appear to be shallow or even somewhat vainglorious to perusers. However, it will effortlessly be acknowledged in light of the fact that she was youthful to such an extent that she didn't understand that her mother’s discourse mirrored the way of life of Chinese. In the present, the storyteller gives the perusers some data about her first perspective on her mother’s language. This point makes the perusers think how her view is changed, and furthermore start her procedure of her language identity’s development. Everything which changes must have a reason. What's more, the difference in Amy Tan’s perspective on her mother’s language isn't a special case. The storyteller utilized two stories to show how this sort of personality in language was framed. The one is her mom â€Å"used to have me call individuals on the telephone to imagine I was she† (29). What's more, during the time spent claiming to be her mom on the telephone, Amy Tan had bit by bit framed her personality in language since she needed to consistently decipher her mother’s broken English into normal English. This may have affected her musings since she needed to think utilizing her mother’s style of language so as to interpret what her mother’s needed done. At that point the storyteller recounts to another anecdote about her and her mother’s involvement with the clinic, which is â€Å"a comparable routine† however gives perusers a more profound impression about the procedure of how her managing her mother’s language changed the author’s perspective on language. Furthermore, the storyteller additionally shows her mother’s character by portraying her mom said â€Å"she wouldn’t budge† (29). At the point when the specialists wouldn’t serve her as she needed, for this situation, Tan talks for her mom yet doesn’t claim to be her and gets effectively what her mom couldn’t. The storyteller doesn't say as much however the peruser gets the Benjie3 feeling that she felt that her mom was unreasonably treated primarily in light of her language. What is a disgrace here then isn't her mom however the doctors’ activities. The way that the storyteller doesn’t clarify shows how her adjustment in disposition toward her mother’s discourse from negative to progressively positive occurred after some time and for the most part unknowingly. Truth be told, to show this oblivious change the storyteller has just demonstrated subtleties toward the start of this exposition. At the point when she discussed a talk which was given to both a standard crowd and to her mom, she was â€Å"made distinctly mindful of the various Englishes I do use† (27) She at that point says â€Å"The talk was coming alright, until I recollected on major difference†(27) That is she was utilizing the sort of English which â€Å"I have never utilized with her†(27). These subtleties, particularly her shock, show that the creator didn't feel her disposition change about the distinction in language between her mom and others until the ongoing talk. Along these lines, all her arrangement of her character in language isn't hesitant. And all the memory about her language character development was simply after her familiarity with the significance in her life of managing the diverse language she utilized among her and her mom. As of not long ago, the storyteller effectively portrays her progressive framed personality in language which was affected by her mom without mindfulness. Distinctive character must have diverse impact on study or work. The storyteller shows this perspective by utilizing her extraordinary experience both in school and her profession. In her view, there is a contrast among her and others in language ability advancement. Since she was conceived in a worker family, her language aptitudes were more affected by her family than her companions. From here, the storyteller has just related her framed personality in language to her investigation. To give proof of what she says, she gives the experience of her tests in school. She says:â€Å"While my English abilities were never decided as poor, contrasted with math, English couldn't be considered my solid suit†(29)This will make perusers think why as a celebrated fiction essayist, English isn't the Benjie4 solid suit for Amy Tan’s school study? For what reason would she say she was acceptable at math? The storyteller responds to these inquiries by straightforward saying â€Å"Math is exact; there is just one right answer† (30). From this announcement, it isn't difficult to consider Amy Tan’s new framed character the basic yet exact language which was passed on by her mom. At that point the storyteller takes two models from the English tests to show the motivation behind why she can’t do well in these theoretical tests. Perusers can simple discover the explanation by perusing the narrator’s determination about a test circumstance with â€Å"Tom† and â€Å"Mary†: â€Å"according to my mom, there were not many impediments regarding what Tom could have been and what Mary may have thought of him†(30). Likewise, from what the storyteller says, we can likewise discover a few insights concerning her elevation to this basic language, from â€Å"broken† to â€Å"precise†, that shows the writer had just acknowledged this character in language. Truth be told, as an essayist Tam comes to dismiss the confused and vogue and favor the basic. For saying something regarding the identity’s sway on the Amy Tan’s profession, the storyteller initially cites a few inquiries which she was posed by others â€Å" Why there are not progressively Asian Americans taken a crack at experimental writing programs? For what reason do such a large number of Chinese understudies go into building? †(30) The storyteller didn’t answer the inquiries. Rather, she educates something concerning Chinese students’ execution in math accomplishment tests and English tests. Truth be told, the storyteller needs to give space for perusers to think, to contemplate why this marvel occurs. What's more, it is simple for perusers to relate this wonder to the narrator’s personality in language. That must be the most significant thing the storyteller needs to do: to show how incredible language is. It has effects on all pieces of our life, regardless of in study or work. Of late, the storyteller delineates how she changed her style of composing from â€Å"wittily created English† to â€Å"simple English†, and afterward she framed her exceptional composing style. Toward the finish of the story, the storyteller says â€Å"apart from what any pundit needed to state about my composition, I realized I had succeeded† (31). From now, we can find that the Amy Tan’s character in Benjie5 language has just changed. The height to her mother’s Chinese-styled English changed from â€Å"broken† to â€Å"simple†, at that point she felt â€Å"succeeded† by utilizing her own straightforward language recorded as a hard copy fictions. In spite of the fact that Amy Tan is a fiction author, her motivation to compose this individual exposition isn't to do any writing research, similarly as she says â€Å"I am not a researcher of English or literature† and â€Å"I am somebody who has constantly cherished language† (27). Accordingly, it might be all the more effectively to make perusers think about the connection among language and their character since she utilized such huge numbers of individual encounters which might be likewise happen in our every day. To consider the title of the story â€Å"mother tongue†, it will likewise make perusers contemplate what is Amy Tan’s genuine native language? She was conceived in America and communicates in English as local speaker, yet her character of her language, is slow shaped by her mother’s Chinese-styled English impact. In this way, the storyteller gives something for perusers to consider and to offer responses.

Marriage in Death and the Maiden - Literature Essay Samples

Ariel Dorfmans play â€Å"Death and the Maiden† revolves around a husband and wife, Gerardo and Paulina, living under an unstable democracy after a long chapter of oppressive dictatorship. In this moral thriller, Paulina accuses a man named Roberto of being the physician who tortured and raped her in the times of her abduction during the dictatorship. Gerardo meets Roberto in the road after getting a flat tire and Paulina claims to recognize his voice as her supposed torturer’s. She then justifies holding Roberto captive when he visits Gerardo in the middle of the night, and then asks for an impartial trial under Gerardo’s examination. With this probationary, not only does Paulina challenge the existence of her past brutal relationship with Roberto, but also threatens her relationship with Gerardo. While the images of Paulina’s abduction flashback through her mind, she digs up the buried skeleton of Gerardo’s betrayal as well. Ariel Dorfman reveals instability within Paulina and Gerardos marriage through his use of sarcasm, repetition and flashback. Gerardo and Paulina use sarcasm as a means to communicate with each other. It generally requires a great deal of familiarity with an individual to decipher if he or she is being sarcastic. Since Gerardo and Paulina detect each others tones so easily, it shows the close connection between them. However, sarcasm also can reveal internal bitterness and contempt. For example, Dorfman foreshadows Gerardo’s infidelity from the very beginning of the play when Paulina is quick to assume that it was a woman who helped Gerardo fix his flat tire. She says, â€Å"Was she pretty at least? Sexy?† [pg 6]. This rhetorical question, which is also sarcastic, personally attacks Gerardo because Paulina is digging at his mistakes from the past. This question ignites a set of arguments that are saturated in sarcasm when the couple discusses Gerardo being named the Commissioner by the President. They argue about vulnerability, certain limitations of the job and the compromises they will have to make. Paulina is hesitant in giving Gerardo her blessing to accept his new profession because she feels it would open up old wounds. At first she gives Gerardo a submissive yes, but Gerardo is not satisfied with the lack of enthusiasm and says, â€Å"that’s not the yes I need†[pg 8]. Responding to Gerardo’s insensitivity, Paulina sarcastically retorts, â€Å"it’s the only yes I’ve got†. This interchange of refusals to compromise builds the tension between the couple. In addition, Paulina resents the fact that the Commission is limited to handling cases that â€Å"ended in death or the presumption of death† [pg 9], and she sarcastically refers to these cases as being â€Å"irreparable† [pg. 9]. Paulinas use of the word irreparable is loaded, as she invokes the emotional damage caused by her abduction, which is ultimately irrevocable despite her survival. Moreover, she emphasizes her resentment when she, in another moment of t ension, spits out another series of rhetorical questions undermining the so-called â€Å"judges† [pg 10] that will be handling the crimes. She ends her tirade a sarcastic soft laugh that evolves into â€Å"increasing hysteria†[pg 10]. Her demeanor in these conversations show that the couples traumatic past destabilizes the foundation of their matrimony. Gerardos constant fluctuations between being deceitful and being a heroic savior makes him an enigma that confounds the reader and Paulina herself. When Gerardo is accused of lying, he always has a safe resort to redeem himself. For instance, when Paulina assumed that it was a woman that helped Gerardo fix his flat tire, initiating the topic of his disloyalty, he digresses the conversation about Paulina’s mistake of lending the jack to her mother. By doing this, he gains back the power over the conversation by making his wife feel guilty. Subsequently, when Paulina finds out that Gerardo has lied about ‘thinking’ over the Commissioner’s position, when in fact he’s accepted it without her consent, he justifies his actions by telling her that he â€Å"didn’t want to hurt her† [pg 11]. Lastly, there are many instances when Gerardo embraces Paulina not only to comfort her, but also to use it as a mechanism of self-preservation. For example, this stage direction occurs when Gerardo manipulates Paulina into accepting his career as Commissioner. He takes her in his arms then confesses his love for her and how â€Å"it still hurts† him when he’s reminded of her pain. This gesture completely overwhelms Paulina resulting in her â€Å"fiercely holding on to him† and reciting â€Å"Yes. Yes. Yes† [pg 10] in surrender. On another occasion, Gerardo placates Paulina when she gets hysterical about the judges of the Commission, and averts the conversation into downward spiral and an emotional breakdown. These implications allude to the gender roles of the society in which the play takes place. Gerardo is competent enough to be aware of his power over Paulina, and it is obvious that he engages this knowledge often to get him out of difficult situations. The flashbacks that Paulina experiences change her vulnerable personality and this threatens Gerardo’s power over her, as well as his perception of her sanity. When Gerardo first sees Roberto tied to a chair, he is shocked and tells Paulina that she is â€Å"sick†. However, with a newfound power and motivation to finally achieve vengeance, Paulina disagrees with him even though he repeats the line â€Å"you’re sick† [pg 23] over and over again. Paulina’s imitation of Roberto’s (also known as Dr. Miranda) idiolect, including the use of profanity and diction such as â€Å"teensy-weensy† and â€Å"the real real truth†, strengthens the memory of her assault and feeds her courage to continue her pursuit of a trial despite Gerardo’s refusal. In fact, Paulina admits her vulnerability when she says, â€Å"as soon as I stop pointing it (the gun) at you, all dialogue will automatically terminate. If I put it down you’ll use your strength to win the argument† [pg 24]. In this instance, she is referring to Gerardo’s strength over her, both emotional and physical. In actuality, Paulina uses the gun as a symbol of strength that not only creates a concrete barrier between her and Gerardo, but also it acts as a mask to conceal her fears and uncertainty. When she is using the gun, Paulina reveals her vulnerability by being â€Å"as surprised as both men, recoiling from the shot†. However, when Gerardo comments, â€Å"you can’t do this†, she pulls herself back to her gladiator state. Again, she uses imitation to strengthen herself and her point by quoting Gerardo, â€Å"You can’t do this, you can’t do that, you can’t do this.† She ends her rant with an unapologetic â€Å"I did it†. Neither Gerardo nor Paulina have control over themselves. Their lack of judgment combined with the return of painful memories definitely pushes the couples instab ility over the edge. In conclusion, Ariel Dorfman successfully portrays the deterioration in Paulina and Gerardo’s marriage through his use of sarcasm, repetition and flashback. Although they are under the extraordinary circumstance of encountering an old traumatic memory, it seems as though their marriage exist within the generalized gender roles of man and wife. They show that even the strongest of adoration for each other can be weakened by terrible memories, memories that the couple must get over before they can move on with their lives. Dorfman, creates a depth within his characters that deeply affects the reader and the audience alike.

Anagram Definition and Examples

A type of verbal play in which a word or phrase is formed by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase, such as changing united to untied. Adjective: anagrammatic. Its generally agreed that the best anagrams  relate in some meaningful way to the original subject. An imperfect anagram is one in which  letters have been omitted (usually for ease of pronunciation). See Examples and Observations below. Also see: AcrosticLogologyMetathesisParagramPseudonymWord PlayWords at Play: An Introduction to Recreational Linguistics Etymology:  From the Greek, to rearrange letters in a word Examples and Observations My name is only an anagram of toilets.(T.S. Eliot)A thin man ran; makes a large stride, left planet, pins flag on moon! On to Mars!(an anagram for Neil Armstrongs Thats one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind)12 Anagramsgentleman: elegant manArnold Schwarzenegger: he’s grown large n’ crazedBritney Spears: best PR in yearsdormitory: dirty roomdeclaration: an oral edictNew York Times: monkeys writeevangelist: evils agentClint Eastwood: Old West actionMargaret Thatcher: that great charmerdesperation: a rope ends itathletics: lithe actscommittees: cost me timeCaught AnagrammingThe head of the organic food giant Whole Foods has been caught touting his company and trashing a competitor in anonymous writings on the Internet. Using a pseudonym, Whole Foods CEO John Mackey . . . wrote under the screen name Rahodeb, an anagram for the name of his wife, Deborah.(Frank Langfitt, Lacihte? Whole Foods CEO Spams Under Anagram. NPR, July 12, 2007)Edwin Morgans Letter to a French NovelistSaporta:O  satrap!O Sparta!Oars tap.O, a strap?A pastor?Pa Astor?Ps! Aorta.Taro sap.Art soap?A rat sopto paras.O. A. S. trap.So apart!– Pat. Rosa.(Edwin Morgan, Letter to a French Novelist, 1964) Anagrams in Fiction Anagrams in The Da Vinci CodeAnagrams are used in popular fiction from time to time. In Dan Browns best-selling novel The Da Vinci Code (2003, film version 2006), the lines O, draconian devil and Oh, lame saint written in blood on the body of the murdered curator of the Louvre are anagrams of Leonardo da Vinci and The Mona Lisa respectively. The central ideas of The Da Vinci Code can be found in an earlier book, The Holy Blood and The Holy Grail by Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh, and Henry Lincoln (1982).(Barry J. Blake, Secret Language. Oxford Univ. Press, 2010)Yorick Was Here (and Kilroy, Too)Alas poor Yorlik, I knew him backwardsTraditionally,  anagrams  are warped signifiers which warn their recipients that they contain a buried signified which wants to surface. It is the word  backwards  which tells the recipient how to unpuzzle the anagram by reading something in the utterance from left to right. The joke is, of course, doubly intertextual. Apart from the clear Shakespe arian reference,  Yorlik  backwards reads  Kilroy, the well-known character who is frequently mentioned in the slogan  Kilroy was here. . . . [T[he recipient is faced with having to know about an item of world knowledge which is imperative for the complete appreciation of the joke.(Delia Chiaro,  The Language of Jokes: Analyzing Verbal Play. Routledge, 1992)The Anagrammatick Method in  Gullivers TravelsBut should this Method fail, recourse might be had to others more effectual, by Learned Men called Acrosticks and  Anagrams. First, might be found Men of Skill and Penetration who can discern that all initial Letters have political Meanings. Thus  N  shall signify a Plot,  B  a Regiment of Horse,  L  a Fleet at Sea. Or secondly, by transposing the Letters of the Alphabet in any suspected Paper, who can discover the deepest Designs of a discontented Party. So for example, if I should say in a Letter to a Friend,  Our Brother Tom has just got the Piles, a Man of Skill in this Art would discover how the same Letters which compose that Sentence, may be analysed into the following Words;  Resist,-- a Plot is brought Home--The Tour. And this is the Anagrammatick Method.(Jonathan Swift,  Gullivers Travels, Part III, Chapter Six) The Lighter Side of Anagrams Lisa: Hey Ralph, want to come with me and Alison to play Anagrams?Alison: We take proper names and rearrange the letters to form a description of that person.Ralph Wiggum: My cats breath smells like cat food.(The Simpsons)Monty Pythons Man Who Talks in AnagramsPresenter: Hello, good evening and welcome to another edition of Blood, Devastation, Death, War Horror. And later well be talking to a man who does gardening. But our first guest tonight is a man who talks entirely in anagrams.Hamrag Yatlerot: Taht si crreoct.Presenter: Do you enjoy this?Hamrag Yatlerot: I stom certainly od. Revy chum so.Presenter: And what is your name?Hamrag Yatlerot: Hamrag, Hamrag Yatlerot.Presenter: Well, Graham, nice to have you on the show. Now where do you come from?Hamrag Yatlerot: Bumcreland.Presenter: Cumberland?Hamrag Yatlerot: Staht sit sepreicly.(Michael Palin and Eric Idle in Monty Pythons Flying Circus, 1972) Pronunciation: AN-uh-gram

Analysis Of The Point Of View Of A Woman - 2235 Words

When choosing to lead readers through a novel in the point of view of a woman that is described as â€Å"so impetuous, yet self-contained! Incapable of insincerity, devoid of affection and courageously naturally beautiful. . . . So unlike most women,† (Stoddard) Stoddard knows exactly what she is doing. The Morgesons resists the conventionally domestic, passive 19th-century feminine ideal and Stoddard purposefully chooses to ignore the previously set paths for a female writer. Instead she chooses to present readers with a narrative that is rich with emotional intensity, physicality, and sexuality. She does this, in order to present us with a character that is on a journey of sexual awakening. Cassandra’s varying degrees of hunger in the novel†¦show more content†¦Also most well-respected physicians of the time were in agreement that â€Å"true women felt little or no sexual desire, and that only abnormal or pathological women felt strong sexual desire† ( Source #2). In fact, being sexually forward in the presence of a man suggested a â€Å"worrying sexual appetite† and is directly in conflict with the notion that a woman only wanted sex in order to procreate and become a mother (Source #1). Being aware of these 19th century conventions, Stoddard would have had a hard time when writing, had she come out and explicitly stated that Cassandra is hungry for acceptance of her sexuality. Thus, it would then have been the question of how could a female writer of that time period cloak the meaning of her writing in a manner that would be accepted while still fighting conventional standards. The obvious choice that is made, is to use hunger as a metaphor for Cassandra’s sexual satisfaction and dissatisfaction. This may seem like an odd pairing, however, regardless of if Stoddard is aware of it, hunger and sex and a lot in common. As researchers have suggested, â€Å"Both feeding and sex are goal-oriented behaviors, both produce an advantageous outcome, both are triggered by a similar chemical in the brain† and both are something that humans in general struggle to satisfy while remaining in line with society’s current standards (Source #6). Many American’s today even go as far to use these two

Team Based Learning free essay sample

â€Å"Open door, close door, open door†¦Ã¢â‚¬  echoes as I stroll down the hallway of my elementary school. As I reach my destination, classroom 115, I am greeted by the girl whose voice I heard ringing throughout the hallway. She beams me a smile, and on â€Å"open door† she ushers me into the classroom that will change my life. I am briskly introduced to a handful of frequently used phrases in sign language like â€Å"all done,† and â€Å"no more.â€Å" These are key tools to embrace because developmentally disabled children respond to physical cues better than verbal cues. This happens to be the case for Evanna, who greeted me with her repeated â€Å"door† phrases, and is diagnosed with Apraxia, causing difficulty with speech. Mrs. Cross, my mentor teacher, requested me to read Charlotte’s Web to Evanna, and the rest of the class. While reading I experienced one of the harder aspects of special education. We will write a custom essay sample on Team Based Learning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A kindergartner came up to where I was sitting, grabbed my book, and commenced to rip the pages from it while peering up at me and smiling. His desire was to witness a reaction, because I was an unfamiliar face in his classroom. As instructed, I looked at him with a blank face, and repeated â€Å"no more.† After multiple repetitions of this phrase, his outburst ceased. I no longer wondered why the receptionist in the office was shocked to hear I was interning in the T.B.L (Team Based Learning) classroom. The T.B.L. consists of students in kindergarten through second grade with a range of mild to severe disabilities. At the age of ten I had befriended a boy Ryan, afflicted with autism, and Ryan’s battle sparked a passion within me to work in the special education field. As a Hull High School sophomore, I was the youngest student in the school’s history to pursue an internship. I did not desire to wait until college to follow my passion, and at the age of fifteen I decided it was time to start. Many people, especially at a young age, would have been frightened after witnessing the hardships involved with working in a classroom like the T.B.L. This was not the case for me; that first day was only the beginning to an internship that has lasted three years. It is a difficult field, but the rewards are truly endless. I have seen children who enter class having no idea how to read or do arithmetic evolve and graduate second grade reading chapter books and doing division. Witnessing these experiences has truly motivated me to take on the quest of becoming a special education teacher. As I continue to work within the classroom, I learn more and more each day how fortunate I am to have found a future career path to follow. Many of my peers have not the slightest inkling of what they want to pursue in college. I, on the other hand, have no doubts that a career in special education is the perfect one for me. It will be sad not being able to visit the T.B.L. each week, but it will always be in my mind, whether I am opening the doors on the first day of college, or opening the doors to my own future classroom.

Young Goodman Brown Essays (1541 words) - Young Goodman Brown

Young Goodman Brown Nathaniel Hawthorne made his mark as a major American writer in 1850, with the publication of The Scarlet Letter. His work appeals to different levels of readers because he creates complex and elaborate settings. Through conflicts within his characters, he analyzes the moral and psychological issues often consumed by their own passions. As he was growing up he could not escape the influence of Puritan religion. This influence along with the setting of his hometown in Salem, Massachusetts are common topics in his work in "Young Goodman Brown." Nathaniel Hawthorne considers the question of good and evil, suggesting that true evil is judging and condemning others for sin without looking at one's own sinfulness. He examines the idea that sin is part of being human and there is no escape from it. Of the many symbols he uses in this story, each has a profound meaning. They represent good and evil in the constant struggle of a young innocent man whose faith is being tested. As the story begins, Young Goodman Brown bids farewell to his young wife "Faith, as [she] was aptly named" (211). When she " ?thrust her own pretty head into the street, letting the wind play with the pink ribbons of her cap" we associate the purity of "Faith" and the "pink ribbons" as a sign of the innocence and goodness of the town he is leaving behind (211). As he continues "on his present evil purpose" he sets off at sunset to enter the forest (212). A place "darkened by all the gloomiest trees," unknown territory, and a place where "there may be a devilish Indian behind every tree," with this we know the forest represents evil and sinfulness (212). His decision to enter the forest and leave his "Faith" behind is the first decision, of many, between good and evil that he must make. After entering the forest he meets a traveler whom he later finds out is the devil. He is carrying a staff representing evil, "which bore the likeness of a great black snake, so curiously wrought, that it might almost be seen to twist and wriggle itself, like a living serpent" (213). When the traveler offers his staff to Young Goodman Brown he resists by replying, "having kept covenant by meeting thee here, it is my purpose to return whence I came. I have scruples, touching the matter thou wot'st of" (213). Still feeling strong in resisting temptation, Young Goodman Brown refuses to "be the first of the name of Brown, that ever took this path, and kept-" (213). At this time he feels he can resist any temptation by keeping his faith. He refuses to believe the devil when he reveals to him that he has been "?well acquainted with [his] family?[they] were good friends?" (213). In disbelief Young Goodman Brown is devastated, but knows that he still has his Faith. "It would break her dear little heart; and I'd rather break my own!' (214). Trying desperately he holds on to his Christian belief, that he is going to Heaven, even when he recognizes the old woman who passes and says "That old woman taught me catechism!" (215). Soon after he also hears Deacon Gookin and the minister discussing the evenings event. Knowing that these people, in his mind were the forefront of goodness on Earth, he is shattered as, " Young Goodman Brown caught hold of a tree, for support, being ready to sink down on the ground, faint and overburdened with the heavy sickness of his heart " (216). He again tries to resist temptation and cries out, "With Heaven above, and Faith below, I will yet stand firm against the devil!" (216). But when he hears many voices and among them is Faith, in desperation he yells out to her. As he awaits a response, a pink ribbon that "fluttered lightly down through the air" as he catches it he cries, "My Faith is gone!?There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! for to thee is this world given" (217). When he reaches his final destination he has lost all faith in mankind and everything he believes in. The question, " Had Young Goodman Brown fallen asleep in the forest, and only dreamed a wild dream of a witch-meeting?" is irrelevant (221). Whether or not Young Goodman Brown was dreaming or not, his adventure through the forest ultimately causes him to believe that he is better than everyone else and he disassociate himself from all those in

Students Evaluating Teachers †Education Essay

Students Evaluating Teachers – Education Essay Free Online Research Papers Students Evaluating Teachers Education Essay It is a general fact of education that more and more academic schools encourage students to evaluate and criticize teachers in order to improve the quality of education. I agree insofar as it is beneficial for students to enhance the critical thinking, while others think that it will contribute to a loss of respect and discipline. I concede that academic schools are on the correct side of this issue. After all, the quality of education is the final objective the schools pursue to. It is appropriate to assign to a high priority to the quality of education than to other accessory aspects, such as profit, enrollment. Moreover, this incentive spawns great advantage for the students, which is to enhance the capacity of independent thought, subjective judgement, emotional response, and so forth. Also, the teachers might benefit from these criticisms, which could help them to make possible universal access to their students’ information directly and accurately, and which could serve to put them more in touch with their foibles of teaching. Nevertheless, we are doing more to it irrespective of whether this incentive is acme of perfection from all aspects, the disadvantages of which can be bifurcated into two parts. One is that it may affect the routine of teachers, for the compelling reason that the dogma of criticism might be received continuously by the teachers, who are less concentrated on teaching, and whose energy may be susceptible. Another is that more and more criticism from the students may do a disservice to the confidence of teachers and give them less respect and discipline. To sum up, given above all reasons, there are considerable merits of both sides. What I suggest to do is make sure that while improving the quality of education, the academic schools should consider respect and discipline as the important factor, the function of which serve as important catalyst for adjusting both students and teachers’ behavior and facilitating the studying and teaching effectively and efficiently. Research Papers on Students Evaluating Teachers - Education EssayStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfResearch Process Part OneBringing Democracy to AfricaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andDefinition of Export QuotasHip-Hop is Art

How can we apply or relate the article with the health care today Essay

How can we apply or relate the article with the health care today - Essay Example The results of overpopulation causes high unemployment rate, but more importantly, earth simply doesn’t have enough space to encompass an enormous population and feed them all at the same time. And in addition to that, the amount of waste emitted simply has no other place to go which may even lead to harmful chemicals leaking to the water system and affecting the drinking water used in households. As it is, fresh drinking water is no longer as abundant as it used to be. Waste products always tend to find their way to the ocean and oil wastes in particular are constantly affecting the marine ecosystem. The food industry is constantly researching ways to speed up the growth of food stocks to meet the demands of a world that needs constant feeding, which brings us genetically enhanced products, usually by growth hormones used to enhance the stocks, on our dinner tables. Over time, the rapid multiplication of the population, constant consumption of enhanced edibles and a frequent exposure to a polluted environment will result to the inevitable outbreaks of diseases and illnesses. The amount of waste emitted everyday all over the world, from plastics, cans, oil wastes and other industrial toxics are more than what we know what to do with.

Leadership, A good leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership, A good leader - Essay Example The history of leadership can be traced back to two phases of theories, the classic theories (before 1938) and the contemporary theories (after 1938). A leader plays a very important role in binding a team together and guiding them through the phases of problems and solving them, as well. A good leader is one, who can maintain his poise and dignity, level-headedness and expertise; and yet, be a part of the team and lead them. He possesses a clear vision and very often, discusses things out with his team mates. The article discusses these various theories that have emerged through the years, which all emphasize different leadership styles. "Superior leaders get things done with very little motion. They impart instruction not through many words, but through a few deeds. They keep informed about everything but interfere hardly at all. They are catalysts, and though things would not get done as well if they were not there, when they succeed they take no credit. And, because they take no credit, credit never leaves them," said Lao Tzu There exist numerous types of leaders---Autocratic, Bureaucratic, Participative, Laissez Faire and Paternalistic. Each of these kinds is distinctive and clear-cut in terms of its approach and the general perception. Autocratic leadership is characterised by close supervision, wherein the leader dons the most important role. The authoritarian gives clear and precise directions; and therefore assumes the top stop with authority. He or she offers no room for employee initiative or independent thoughts. There exists no room for discussions and sharing of ideas, since it is all one-sided. Employees do not participate in decision making and are more like obedient executioners of the plan of action imposed by the leader. In other words, the leader is the most important person, without whom the team crumbles into shambles. He or she becomes the be-all of the team and often is perceived as the face of the entire team. This is very often perceived as the least effective method of motivation, due to the non-participatory element in this form of leadership. The next form of leadership is the Bureaucratic form of leadership. This form of leadership focuses on the institution's rules and policies. It is more or less a statutory form of leadership, that follows theoretical principles with adherence. There exists an apprehension to take chances and management is done "by the book". There are no departures from the rules that are generally accepted. Attempts at creativity of thinking out of the box is something that is not synonymous with this kinds of leadership, more so because of the sheer dedication to rules and book material.

Gender Identity Essay Example for Free

Gender Identity Essay There are many factors that can determine gender identity. There is continuous research comparing the affect of both biology and environment on gender identity. Gender identity is almost always chromosomal sex although that isnt enough to rule out the affect of environment. Intersexuals are rare individuals who posses the typical external genitalia while possessing ambiguous sexual organs of the other sex. There are also hermaphrodites who possess both testicular and ovarian tissue. These two factors that determine gender identity are caused by hormonal factors in prenatal development. Hermaphrodites usually assume the gender identity of the sex assignment at birth. A sex assignment is the process of determining the sex of a child at birth. Intersexualism has given scientists a chance to compare environment and biology. Intersexualism means a person possesses a whole, either male or female reproductive organs. They also possess internal or external tissue of the other sex. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a form of intersexualism in which a genetic female has internal female sexual structures but masculinized external genitals. Androgen-insensitivity syndrome is a form of intersexualism in which a genetic male is prenatally insensitive to androgens such that his genitals are not normally masculinized. Dominican Republic Syndrome is a form intersexualism in which a genetic enzyme disorder prevents testosterone from masculinizing the external genitalia. CAH is caused by exposure to androgens which are produced naturally through adrenal or mothers may have received synthetic androgens to prevent miscarriage in women who have a family history of miscarriages. Research has been done on CAH and results have shown that girls with CAH act more like a boy. They are more interested in masculine toys such as trucks while girls without are more interested in playing with dolls. Girls with CAH show more aggression in play and tend to have more male friends while girls without CAH play with other girls. There are many kinds of androgen-insensitivity syndrome. One involves a male having a sensitivity to prenatal androgen due to a mutated gene. At birth, their genitals are feminized and can even include a small vagina. This insensitivity causes male internal reproductive organs to remain undevelo ped. Girls can have partial androgen-insensitivity syndrome or complete androgen-insensitivity syndrome. Girls with CAIS develop typical genital external organs but their internal reproductive organs to  not function properly. Girls with PAIS are usually raised as boys but sometimes as girls. Research results show that women with PAIS have no difference in gender identity in comparison to women without although they are born with external masculinized genitalia. Three things that have effected the gender identity of my own are very simple and generic. Of course, I have external male genitalia which in turn makes the perception I have of myself lean more towards being a man. I was raised by mom and only my mom so being the man of the house was always being presented to me because I was also an only child. This masculinized my attitude overall and gave me an alpha male self-esteem at an early age. I played a lot of sports which exposed me to aggressive play and taught me how to play hard. One of my reasons is backed by biology and the other two are backed by environment. This doesnt mean that environment has a larger affect on gender identity but it is the direction I chose to go when analyzing my own factors of determining my gender identity. In conclusion, there is still no real answer when the question is asked: nature or nurture? Gender identity is largely influenced by biology and prenatal androgens but parenting and encouraging by a primary caregiver can influence gender identity greatly. Many factors can determine gender identity and prenatal conditions can cause internal and external differences in genitalia which will affect both sex assignment and gender identity.

business law :: essays research papers

Business Law BA 434 SE Midterm Exam 2001 Spring Term Question One: Jim's promise is not enforceable under the contract law. A contract consists of 3 elements: 1) offer, 2) acceptance, and 3) consideration. The offer must be definate. It must have 1) subject, 2) price, 3) offeree, 4) quantity, and 5) time for performance and it must be communicated to the offeree. Applying the elements of a contract to the facts before us, the contract began when Jim offered Pam a place to live. He basically stated that all she needed to do was to come and see him. By accepting Jim's offer, Pam traveled to see Jim, thus completing the contract. However, Pam assumes that in Jim's consideration, he will pay for her incurred expenses as long as she visits him. Jim is not bound to the contract because the offer was not definate. Yes, Jim offered Pam, the offeree, a place to stay, however, he did not stated when the act could be performed nor did he state exactly what "providing a place to live" included. Meaning, he only offered Pam a place to reside, and there was not mention of Jim handling any other expenses. Jim's offer lacked quantity, time for performance, and definate communication. Thus, this intended contract is non-binding due to the indefinate offer. Question Two Due to the methods of terminating a contract, Oneal was relieved of his contract. A contract consists of 3 elements: 1) offer, 2) acceptance, and 3) consideration. The offer must be definate. It must have 1) subject, 2) price, 3) offeree, 4) quantity, and 5) time for performance. Now applying one of the methods by which a contracts are terminated to the facts before us, when the Opera House burned to the ground, it made it impossible for both Oneal and Jordan to perform. Oneal was bound to the contract, in that he accepted the offer, however, because the Opera House ( the contracted location) was no longer avail for use, he was not able to perform his duties of singing. Jordan was bound to contract because he offered Oneal a place to sing for six months, however, the torching of the Opera House made the providing of the stage practically impossible. The impossibility of performance made the breach of contract legally possible.

Organizational Theory and Designs

CHAPTER 1: ORGANIZATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS 1 PART 1: LECTURE OUTLINES CHAPTER 1 ORGANIZATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS TEACHING OBJECTIVES 1. To define an organization and explain how it creates value in three stages: input, conversion, and output. (1. 1) 2. To discuss why organizations exist and how they achieve goals collectively. (1. 1) 3. To describe organizational theory, how organizations function, and relate to organizational structure, culture, and design. (1. 2) 4. To show how organizational design helps a company gain a competitive advantage, deal with contingencies, manage diversity, increase efficiency, increase innovation, and effectively manage change. (1. 2) 5. To illustrate the consequences of poor organizational design and loss of control over structure and culture. (1. 2) 6. To discuss the three approaches of evaluating organizational effectiveness: external resource, internal systems, and technical approach. (1. 3) 7. To distinguish between official goals and operating goals. (1. 3) CHAPTER SUMMARY This chapter discusses organizations, organizational theory, and the importance of organizational design. An organization is a tool for individuals or groups to accomplish goals. An organization creates value at three stages: input, conversion, and output. Organizations exist because people working together to produce goods and services create more value than those working alone. Organizations may exist to increase specialization and the division of labor, to use large-scale technology, to manage the external environment, to economize on transaction costs, and to exert power and control over employees. The components of organizational theory are structure, culture, and design and change. Organizational design helps a company gain a competitive advantage, deal with contingencies, manage diversity, increase efficiency, and increase innovation. Poor organizational design results in company decline, including layoffs and difficulty in attracting resources. Organizational effectiveness should be measured according to a manager’s methods of control, innovation, and efficiency. The external resource, internal systems, or technical approach measure effectiveness and official and operative goals. Difficulties arise in measuring effectiveness even if stakeholders have shared goals. An organization must select the best way to achieve goals. Organizations are affected by the environment, technology, and processes. The technological environment entails innovations in production processes and new products. CHAPTER OUTLINE 1. 1 What Is an Organization? An organization is intangible; it cannot be touched or felt. Thinking of an organization evokes its product or service. The name Anheuser-Busch evokes the word beer, not why the company provides beer or how it controls employees. An organization groups people and resources to provide goods and services to PHAM HOANG HIEN CHAPTER 1: ORGANIZATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS satisfy a need. Entrepreneurs begin with the idea of satisfying a need then collect resources to meet that need. 2 Focus on New Information Technology: Amazon. com, Part 1 Amazon. com shows how Jeff Bezos saw a need and created an organization to meet it. Q. What prodded Jeff Bezos to start Amazon. com? A. Recognizing the opportunity to build an online bookstore, Bezos started Amazon. com to meet the needs of computer owners. An online bookstore could offer a larger and more diverse selection, an online catalogue, an easy search capability, and book reviews. Bezos organized resources to meet the need for a new bookstore. Notes_______________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ How Does an Organization Create Value? The value creation process includes input, conversion, and output. (Fig. 1. 1) Q: What are some inputs a company needs to provide a product or service? A. Inputs include human resources, raw materials, capital, money, and information. The value created depends on how a company selects and acquires inputs. Inputs are transformed into outputs at the conversion stage. The value created depends on the quality of an organization’s skills and its ability to learn from the environment. The conversion process results in an output, a finished good, or a service. Sales revenue buys more inputs, so the value creation cycle continues. The value creation cycle is used for nonprofit and manufacturing organizations and service companies. Q. What are the inputs, conversion processes, and outputs at McDonald’s? (Fig. 1. 2) A. The inputs include meat, fries, employees, and capital, such as cooking equipment. The conversion process entails cooking the food. The outputs are sandwiches and fries. Why Do Organizations Exist? People working together to produce goods and services create more value than people working alone. (Fig. 1. 3) Organizations exist: To Increase Specialization and the Division of Labor In an organization, individuals concentrate on areas of expertise and become more specialized. An engineer concentrates on one part of the engine and this specialization creates value. To Use Large-Scale Technology Technology enables organizations to achieve economies of scale, cost savings through large-volume production, and economies of scope and cost savings when underutilized resources are shared. To Manage the External Environment An organization has the resources to monitor and manage the external environment, economic, political, and social factors plus suppliers and the market. PHAM HOANG HIEN CHAPTER 1: ORGANIZATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS To Economize on Transaction Costs An organization can reduce transaction costs and expenses associated with negotiating, monitoring, and governing exchanges between people and can control exchanges. To Exert Power and Control Organizations exert pressure on employees to conform to task requirements through employment, promotions, and rewards. Employees who fail to meet organizational needs can be fired. These factors create stability, allow skills to develop, and increase value creation. Notes_______________________________________________________ _________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ 3 1. 2 What Is Organizational Theory? Organizational theory is the study of how organizations work and how they impact and are impacted by the environment. Organizational theory relates to organizational structure, culture, and design. (Fig. 1. 4) Organizational structure is the formal setup of task and authority relationships. Structure controls the coordination of activities and employee motivation to attain goals. Structure must be continually evaluated. Organizational culture, a set of shared values and norms, shapes and controls behavior in an organization. Q: What determines culture? A. People, ethics, rights, and structure of the organization develop culture, which can vary widely among organizations that provide similar goods in the same environment. Coca-Cola promotes cooperation and has loyal employees, whereas Pepsi has a competitive culture and high turnover among managers. Organizational design is the process by which managers select and manage aspects of structure and culture so that an organization can achieve its goals. Organizational change is the process by which organizations move from their present state to some desired future state to increase their effectiveness. Organizational Insight 1. 1: Opposite Organizing Approaches at Apple and Dell Computer People who start new organizations may lack the skills necessary to effectively design the organization. The Apple Computer example illustrates this well. Q. How do these two examples illustrate the importance of proper organizational design? PHAM HOANG HIEN Notes_______________________________________________________ _________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ CHAPTER 1: ORGANIZATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS A. Although Jobs stated he had little desire to manage the day-to-day operations of Apple Computer, he desired more power as the organization grew and began intervening in the day-to-d ay operations, which caused problems. Michael Dell, on the other hand, understood how important a well designed organization was, and created a structure centered on participative management, involving employees in decision making, and was not as hands-on s Jobs. Notes_______________________________________________________ _________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ The Importance of Organizational Design and Change Organizational design helps a company deal with contingencies, achieve competitive advantage, manage diversity, and increase its efficiency and ability to innovate goods and services. Dealing with Contingencies A contingency is an event that might occur and must be considered in planning. An organization can design its structure to increase environmental control. Structure and culture are tools to respond to the complex global environment and changing technology. Structure can make employees aware of the environment. Gaining Competitive Advantage Good organizational design offers a competitive advantage. Competitive advantage emerges from core competencies, value creating skills, and abilities. Managers formulate strategies, specific decisions, and actions that use core competencies to create a competitive advantage. Organizational design implements an organization’s strategy and serves as a core competency because it is difficult to imitate. Although technology can be duplicated, structure and culture develop over time, making them hard to imitate. Organizational design must be continually evaluated. 4 Notes_______________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ Managing Diversity The workforce has become more diverse with people of many national origins working for the same company. The workforce is aging. An organization must design its structure to maximize its diverse talents and to develop a culture that fosters cooperation. Promoting Efficiency, Speed, and Innovation Organizational design can increase efficiency. Companies must compete with low-cost producers globally and market new products and processes. Organizational design makes a firm more innovative. An entrepreneurial culture fosters innovation. The Consequences of Poor Organizational Design Organizational design affects company performance, yet employee roles are often neglected until a crisis hits. One reason for decline is a loss of control over organizational structure and culture. Talented employees leave, acquiring resources becomes difficult, and the value creation process slows down. Managers are forced to change elements of structure and culture that derail strategy. PHAM HOANG HIEN CHAPTER 1: ORGANIZATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS Notes_______________________________________________________ ________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ †¢ Refer to discussion question 2 here to emphasize the connection between organizational theory and structure, design, change, and culture. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________ _ ____________________________________________________________ _____________________ 5 Organizational Insight 1. 2: Redesigning AOL Time Warner This shows the difficulty in trying to merge two organizations that have very different structures. In addition, it shows that regardless of the structure, environmental factors often play a role in the success of an organization, as evidenced by the implosion of the dot. coms. Q. How were the two organizations different from a structure standpoint? A. Time Warner was very hierarchical in nature, while AOL was used to the fast-changing environment of the IT industry. Q. What did Pitman do to try and reorganize the two companies? A. He created teams of both AOL and Time Warner managers, but made AOL managers responsible for taking the lead, as they were more accustomed to brining new products to market quickly. 1. 3 How Do Managers Measure Organizational Effectiveness? Researchers see primary management tasks as control, innovation, and efficiency. Control means dominating the external environment, attracting resources, and using political processes. Innovation entails developing skills to discover new products and processes and designing adaptable structures and cultures. Efficiency involves developing modern plants for rapid, low-cost production, fast distribution, and high productivity. The External Resource Approach: Control Using the external resource approach, managers evaluate a firm’s ability to manage and control the external environment. A. Indicators include stock price, profitability, return on investment, and the quality of a company’s products. An important factor is management’s ability to perceive and respond to environmental change. Stakeholders value aggressiveness and an entrepreneurial spirit. Organizational Insight 1. 3: Ups and Downs at Mattel This case illustrates the importance of both understanding customer needs, and adapting the organization to meet those needs. Q. What mistake did Mattel make in trying to satisfy customer needs? PHAM HOANG HIEN Q. What indicators evaluate control over the environment? CHAPTER 1: ORGANIZATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS A. The skills needed to rapidly develop new products was not present in the company that they purchased. They also underestimated the need to update their core products. The Internal Systems Approach: Innovation Using the internal systems approach, managers evaluate organizational effectiveness. Structure and culture should foster flexibility and rapid response to market changes. Flexibility fosters innovation. Q. How is innovation measured? A. Innovation is measured by the time needed for decision making, production, and coordinating activities. The Technical Approach: Efficiency The technical approach is used to evaluate efficiency. Effectiveness is measured by productivity and efficiency (ratio of outputs to inputs). Productivity gains include increased production or cost reduction. Productivity is measured at all stages of production. Q. What productivity measures could a service company use? A. Service companies could measure sales per employee or the ratio of goods sold to goods returned. Employee motivation is an important factor in productivity and efficiency. 6 Organizational Insight 1. 4: Improving Efficiency at FedEx and UPS This case is a good illustration of the importance of continuously evaluating and updating technology. A good class discussion can revolve around the positive benefits of advanced technology. Consider for example, the increased efficiency of these two companies as they affect consumers. Measuring Effectiveness: Organizational Goals Organizational effectiveness is evaluated by both official and operative goals. Official goals are the formal mission of an organization. Operative goals are specific long-term and short-term goals that direct tasks. Managers use operative goals to measure effectiveness. To measure control, managers examine market share and costs; to measure innovation, they review decision-making time. To measure efficiency, they use benchmarking to compare the company to competitors. A company may be effective in one area and ineffective in another. Operative goals must be consistent with official goals. Notes_______________________________________________________ _________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ †¢ Refer to discussion question 3 here to emphasize the approaches to evaluating effectiveness. ___________________________________________________________ ________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ 1. 4 The Plan of This Book PHAM HOANG HIEN CHAPTER 1: ORGANIZATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS Figure 1. 5 shows how the various chapters fit together and provide a model of the components involved in organizational design and change. Notes______________ _________________________________________ _________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ The Organizational Environment. The main source of uncertainty is the environment. An organization must design its structure to handle relationships with stakeholders in the external environment. Chapter 3 presents models that reveal why the environment is a major source of uncertainty. Organizational Design. Chapters 4 through 8 examine the principles on which organizations operate and the choices available for designing and redesigning their structures and cultures to match the environment. The same basic problems occur in all work settings, and the purpose of design is to develop a structure that will respond effectively to these challenges. Organizational Change. The third part of the book deals with the many different issues involved in changing and redesigning organizations. Included in this are different change processes, such as restructuring, reengineering, and innovation management. 7 Notes_______________________________________________________ _________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ DISCUSSION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. How do organizations create value? What is the role of entrepreneurship in this process? Value is created at the input, conversion, and output stages. At the input stage, value depends on how an organization selects and obtains the inputs; certain inputs create more value than others. At the c onversion stage, value is a function of employees’ skills, including learning from and responding to the environment. Output creates value if it satisfies a need. Entrepreneurship is important to value creation by recognizing a need, gathering inputs, and transforming them into a product or service. The value creation cycle will continue if customers are satisfied; profits will generate inputs and improve the conversion process. Organizational theory is the study of how organizations function, impact, and are impacted by employees and society. Organizational theory deals with the whole organization. Organizational design entails decisions about structure and culture. Structure is the formal set of task and authority relationships. Culture is a set of shared values that influence behavior. 3. What is organizational effectiveness? Discuss three approaches to evaluating effectiveness and the problems of each approach. PHAM HOANG HIEN 2. What is the relationship among organizational theory, organizational design and change, and organizational structure and culture? CHAPTER 1: ORGANIZATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS 8 Organizational effectiveness is the ability to use resources to create value; it includes control, innovation, and efficiency. The external resource approach evaluates a company’s ability to obtain scarce resources and valued skills. Indicators include stock prices, return on investment, and market share. These indexes are compared to competitors’ indexes. However, this approach fails to consider organizational culture and structure. The internal approach reviews the organization’s ability to innovate and respond to the environment quickly. Some measures include the length of time to get a product to market, decision-making speed, and coordination time. This approach does not consider costs or the external environment. The technical approach reviews an organization’s ability to use skills and resources efficiently. This approach considers neither the environment nor structure and culture. It is important to evaluate an organization in all three areas—control, innovation, and efficiency. 4. Draw up a list of effectiveness goals that you would use to measure the performance of (a) a fastfood restaurant and (b) a school of business. Answers may vary slightly. A fast-food restaurant’s goals will differ from a business school’s goals because a school is a nonprofit organization. a) Some goals used to measure effectiveness at a fast-food restaurant are as follows: †¢ Lower the cost of meat, fries, and drinks †¢ Lower the cost of labor †¢ Improve the quality of the food and the skills of employees †¢ Increase profits, stock price, and market share †¢ Satisfy government requirements on sanitation and fair labor laws †¢ Reduce employee conflict †¢ Speed up the time it takes a customer to get served †¢ Find more efficient ways to produce the food †¢ Increase employee motivation by offering bonuses †¢ Increase the quality of the food by ensuring that it is not too greasy and that it is hot when customers receive it †¢ Minimize the number of wrong orders (b) A business school’s goals may be the following: †¢ Attract top-quality faculty and students †¢ Maximize revenue from tuition and fees †¢ Offer scholarships †¢ Attract revenue from organizations and alumni †¢ Gain the support of the local community †¢ Reduce conflict †¢ Ensure that students are prepared for jobs †¢ Respond to changes in the environment by constantly updating the curriculum †¢ Encourage coordination among faculty from different departments ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY IN ACTION PHAM HOANG HIEN CHAPTER 1: ORGANIZATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS Practicing Organizational Theory: Open Systems Dynamics Small groups of students design an organization from an open systems perspective: (1) They determine the input, conversion, and output processes. (2) They identify environmental factors with the greatest impact. (3) They determine the best measures to evaluate the organization’s effectiveness. 9 The Ethical Dimension This exercise will be found at the end of each chapter. The purpose is to help students understand the many ways in which organizations can help or harm people in the environment. The first example asked students to examine doctors and hospitals, and the role of ethics in this environment. List examples of these ethical and unethical behaviors. This is a complicated question because there are so many different systems in the health-care environment. Students may draw upon their own experiences with doctors, good or bad, or the discussion could shift to how insurance companies, Medicare, or the local community play a role in the ethical behavior of doctors and hospitals. 2. How do these behaviors relate to the attempts of doctors and nurses to increase organizational effectiveness in the ways discussed in the chapter? Or, to attempts to pursue their own self-interest? This question serves as a good example of why organizations exist. Make sure the students understand that all organizations attempt to increase their effectiveness, not just for-profit corporations. Another interesting discussion might revolve around defining and discussing what â€Å"pursuing their own selfinterest† really means from both an ethical and a practical standpoint. Making the Connection Also at the end of every chapter; this exercise encourages students to look through newspapers and magazines to find an example of a company that is dealing with some of the issues in the chapter. The assignment for this chapter is to find a company that has helped or harmed a stakeholder group. ANALYZING THE ORGANIZATION Each student selects a company to study throughout the semester. Each module requires the student to collect and analyze company information for a report to be submitted at the end of the semester. Students can choose an organization like IBM or GM and find articles in magazines, on the Internet, or contact a local company. The report answers the following questions: what is the organization, what does it do, how does it create value, who are its stakeholders, what are its major problems, and how does it measure effectiveness? Other issues such as technology or competition may be included. CASE FOR ANALYSIS Kinko’s New Operating Structure Kinko’s Inc. as the largest retailer of copying stores, but it had to change its operating structure in response to competitive pressures from Quick Copy and OfficeMax. Kinko’s had an informal management process and difficulty managing growth. The founder, Orfalea, used franchising to launch PHAM HOANG HIEN CHAPTER 1: ORGANIZATI ONS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS growth, but this approach did not assist Kinko’s in controlling costs or improving customer service. Consultants recommended centralized control and a set of internal authority relationships. 1. What were the problems facing Kinko’s managers? 10 Kinko’s structure was too decentralized, making it difficult for top managers to implement changes rapidly. The structure was informal with decisions left up to Kinko’s franchisees, and no sharing of ideas on customer service. 2. What steps did managers take to solve these problems? Kinko’s centralized operating systems such as purchasing and finance to reduce costs. Kinko’s developed a more formal organizational structure. It may take time for the store owners to relinquish control, but this structure should help Kinko’s to respond more quickly to competition and develop consistent procedures and services to meet customer needs. TEACHING SUGGESTIONS 1. Ask students to explain the models in the chapter and give examples. Models can be assigned in advance. Use discussion questions during the class by dividing students into small groups or pairs and allowing 5–7 minutes to prepare answers, which are then shared with the class. 3. Use role play to measure organizational effectiveness using the three approaches. One student is a manufacturing manager who eval uates performance using the technical approach. One student is an R&D manager who uses the internal systems approach. The third is a corporate manager who uses the external resource approach. Stress that performance is evaluated based on control, innovation, and efficiency. 4. Ask students to look the at the Amazon. com web site (http://www. amazon. om) and discuss how Amazon satisfies a need. Have them compare this to competitors that have surfaced, such as Barnes & Noble (http://www. barnesandnoble. com). 5. To make sure students appreciate why organizations exist, have them give examples in class of when organizations have not served them well. Common examples include long lines at the grocery store, poor service at a restaurant, etc. Try to help them re-frame their examples in the context of the course material, such as specialization or the conversion process. This is a good method for getting the students to understand the overall value of the material throughout the semester. PHAM HOANG HIEN

Teachers of the Inner Chambers Women and Culture in Seventeenth-Century - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 765 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Education Essay Level High school Tags: Teacher Essay Did you like this example? China argues that the increase in female literacy during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties allowed elite women to create a rich culture and space of their own even under the constraints of Confucian code. During this time, socioeconomic and intellectual changes in the gentry community enabled women to become more visible in a male dominated world, and to also expand their accepted gender roles often bending what was considered appropriate for the prestigious woman. The most important of changes, specified by Ko, included a flourishing of commercial printing, the rise of a reading public especially among girls and women, a new emphasis on emotions, the newfound importance of womens education, and, the emergence of new definitions of womanhood.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Teachers of the Inner Chambers: Women and Culture in Seventeenth-Century" essay for you Create order One of the first major advents of female literacy was that they now had a social world of other readers that they could interact with. Instead of staying at home and only taking care of their house and family, many women were now reading poetry and stories, and had other women to discuss the literature with. This helped build up interpersonal relationships and social circles that most likely would not have existed before literacy. On top of the social aspects of literacy, it also gave many women a chance to find a mental escape from their daily lives. Now, women could immerse themselves in the worlds of stories or in the flowing verses of a poem. While in the past, many women that were either talented or educated would find their husbands in arranged marriages an unfit partner, at least intellectually. These women could now seek out other likeminded women to cope with the situation they were in, instead of carrying the burden alone. The ideas within this book are very similar to Marg ery Wolf’s essay on the uterine family and female communities. Even in Seventieth century China, woman found solace and support in other women around them. As female literacy increased, so too did the woman’s place in China. Besides being able to read and having social circles of likeminded readers, women were now bringing money into the house, often on levels equal to or surpassing their male counterparts. This social status increase made many men uncomfortable, so more importance was put on the idea of beauty (mei) when it came to womanhood, even among those women who were educated. These labels and the obsession with beauty in women came forth out of need to create order out of â€Å"gender confusion.† Despite the need to further define the male and female spheres, women were able to enter the public realm without jeopardizing their roles as dutiful, virtuous wives. One notable woman in Ko’s histories was Lu Shengji; a poet who was in a â€Å"phoenix and crow† marriage. She was an intelligent, respectable woman who married a man that was of gentry pedigree but otherwise unremarkable. Because she was a loyal wife, obedient daughter, and a member of the gentry herself she was considered respectable, but despite that, she was remembered for her poetry and not for her husband or values. Literate women like Lu Shengji negotiated between their Confucian calling to be a domestic woman and their potential to support their families through their public professions. Often, this was accepted among the community because women were able to justify their public profession in Confucian rhetoric of fulfilling their wifely duties. On top of their emerging success as writers, many educated women used foot binding to embrace femininity. Foot binding became increasingly popular in the seventeenth century and would remain a part of Chinese culture well into the twentieth century. While the process made their feet severely handicapped, this gave them gentry women a release from household work and allowed them to focus more on their preferred endeavors. Foot binding was perpetuated almost solely with the help of women themselves. Because of this new idea of beauty and privilege, mothers would bind their daughter’s feet at a young age. The idea that foot binding meant safety, education, and a good life for their daughters meant women would uphold the tradition for centuries. Without the cooperation of women, foot binding would not have lasted as long as it did. Because of this, Ko explains, women were now spending their time reading. They came to understand how much power the Confucian tradition gave them as a domestic guardian. Instead of laboring around the house, they could use their knowledge to change things around them. By being vigilant in their Inner Chambers, women could restructure the public and private domains that they existed within.